Association between PD and wealth index, educational level and perceived SES by sex, Tehran, 2021–2022
| Variables | Men | Women | ||||||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR** (95% CI) | P value | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR** (95% CI) | ||
| Wealth index | ||||||||
| Deprived | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 0.76 (0.54 to 1.05) | 0.10 | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.99) | 0.05 | 0.76 (0.50 to 1.16) | 0.21 | 0.80 (0.52 to 1.24) | 0.32 |
| Affluent | 1.20 (0.85 to 1.70) | 0.30 | 1.09 (0.75 to 1.58) | 0.64 | 0.50 (0.33 to 0.76) | 0.001 | 049 (0.32 to 0.76) | 0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Illiterate and primary | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Secondary | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.20) | 0.32 | 0.92 (0.62 to 1.38) | 0.70 | 1.00 (0.68 to 1.47) | 1.00 | 1.18 (0.78 to 1.78) | 0.44 |
| Academic education | 2.01 (1.35 to 2.99) | 0.001 | 2.06 (1.29 to 1.56) | 0.001 | 1.81 (1.13 to 2.91) | 0.01 | 2.12 (1.04 to 1.24) | 0.003 |
| Perceived SES | ||||||||
| Deprived | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Intermediate | 0.49 (0.29 to 0.83) | 0.008 | 0.56 (0.32 to 0.97) | 0.04 | 0.38 (0.22 to 0.66) | 0.001 | 0.38 (0.21 to 0.68) | 0.001 |
| Affluent | 0.22 (0.13 to 0.39) | <0.001 | 0.30 (0.17 to 0.53) | <0.001 | 0.24 (0.13 to 0.47) | <0.001 | 0.27 (0.14 to 0.53) | <0.001 |
Bold values denote statistical significance at the p<0.05.
*Adjusted for age (continuous), marital status and ethnicity.
†Bold values denote statistical significance at the p<0.05
PD, Parkinson’s disease; SES, socioeconomic status.