Demographic, symptoms at onset and laboratory results; cells without sample sizes denote results obtained from all patients in the given cohort
| TM | AFM | AFM subtypes | ||
| Grey matter | Mixed matter | |||
| N | 39 | 51 | 23 | 21 |
| Female | 19 (48.7%) | 17 (33.3%) | 6 (26.1%) | 8 (38.1%) |
| Median age at onset (range) | 8.1 (0.3–17.9), n=38 | 5.4 (0.6–14.8), n=49 | 5.8 (1.1–14.2) | 4.0 (0.9–14.8), n=20 |
| Year of onset | ||||
| 2014 | 7 (17.9%) | 17 (34.0%), n=50 | 9 (39.1%) | 8 (38.1%) |
| Spring | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Summer | 3 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Fall | 3 | 13 | 9 | 4 |
| 2015 | 10 (25.6%) | 6 (12.0%), n=50 | 3 (13.0%) | 3 (14.3%) |
| Winter* | 1 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Spring | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Summer | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fall | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 2016 | 13 (38.5%) | 27 (54.0%), n=50 | 11 (47.8%) | 10 (47.6%) |
| Winter* | 6 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Spring | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Summer | 4 | 12 | 5 | 4 |
| Fall | 1 | 11 | 4 | 4 |
| 2017 | 9 (17.9%) | 0, n=50 | 0 | 0 |
| Winter* | 4 | |||
| Spring | 3 | |||
| Summer | 1 | |||
| Fall | 1 | |||
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 34 (87.2%) | 37 (72.6%) | 16 (69.6%) | 15 (71.4%) |
| African American | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (7.8%) | 3 (13.0%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| Asian | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (7.8%) | 2 (8.7%) | 2 (9.5%) |
| More than one race | 1 (2.6%) | 4 (7.8%) | 0 | 3 (14.3%) |
| Preferred not to answer | 2 (5.1%) | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (8.7%) | 0 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 7 (18.4%), n=38 | 8 (15.7%) | 3 (13.0%) | 5 (23.8%) |
| Preferred not to answer | 1 (2.6%), n=38 | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (8,7%) | 0 |
| Illness within 3 months before onset | 23 (63.9%), n=36 | 40 (81.6%), n=49 | 19 (82.6%) | 16 (80.0%), n=20 |
| Symptoms at onset | ||||
| Weakness | 38 (97.4%) | 48 (96.0%), n=50 | 22 (95.7%) | 21 (100%) |
| Upper extremity only | 6 (15.4%) | 19 (38.0%), n=50 | 11 (47.8%) | 7 (33.3%) |
| Lower extremity only | 23 (59.0%) | 17 (34.0%), n=50 | 7 (30.4%) | 8 (38.1%) |
| Both upper and lower extremities | 9 (23.1%) | 12 (24.0%), n=50 | 4 (17.4%) | 6 (28.6%) |
| Numbness | 13 (33.3%) | 15 (30.0%), n=50 | 6 (26.1%) | 6 (28.6%) |
| Upper extremity only | 0 | 3 (6.0%), n=50 | 2 (8.7%) | 1 (4.8%) |
| Lower Eextremity only | 11 (28.2%) | 12 (24.0%), n=50 | 4 (17.4%) | 5 (23.8%) |
| Both upper and lower extremities | 2 (5.1%) | 0, n=50 | 0 | 0 |
| Laboratory results | ||||
| CSF WBC | ||||
| Median (range) | 3 (0–709), n=30 | 15 (0–287), n=43 | 15 (0–127), n=19 | 11 (0–287), n=18 |
| CSF Protein | ||||
| Median (range) | 47 (20–722), n=30 | 38 (18–596), n=41 | 48.5 (18–190), n=18 | 33 (20–203), n=17 |
| Oligoclonal bands present | 2 (7.1%), n=28 | 0, n=29 | 0, n=14 | 0, n=13 |
| Enterovirus† | ||||
| Positive | 3 (7.9%), n=38 | 18 (36.7%), n=49 | 12 (52.2%) | 4 (19.1%) |
| Negative | 6 (15.8%), n=38 | 6 (12.2%), n=49 | 3 (13.0%) | 2 (9.5%) |
| Not tested | 14 (36.8%), n=38 | 11 (22.44%), n=49 | 2 (8.7%) | 8 (38.1%) |
| Negative (for tests available)‡ | 15 (39.5%), n=38 | 13 (26.5%), n=49 | 5 (21.7%) | 7 (33.3%) |
| Not tested (for tests available)‡ | 0 | 1 (2.0%), n=49 | 1 (4.3%) | 0 |
*Winter includes the previous year’s December.
†Enterovirus testing was performed using CSF, nasopharyngeal or stool samples. A patient was classified as positive if they tested positive on at least one sample test, a patient was classified as negative if they tested negative on all tests, and a patient was classified as not tested if no samples were tested.
‡Includes those patients for whom certain samples were not tested or for whom data were not available for certain sample tests.
AFM, acute flaccid myelitis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; TM, transverse myelitis; WBC, white blood cell.