Elsevier

Neurologic Clinics

Volume 34, Issue 4, November 2016, Pages 955-965
Neurologic Clinics

Epidemiology of Parkinson Disease

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2016.06.012Get rights and content

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Key points

  • Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, presenting with bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability.

  • Incidence rates of PD are 8 to 18 per 100,000 person-years based on prospective population-based studies with either record-based or in-person case finding.

  • Nonmotor symptoms include autonomic dysfunction, sleep disorders, mood disorders, cognitive abnormalities, and pain and sensory disorders. Hallucinations and dementia predict later nursing home

Factors that may increase risk of Parkinson disease

The cause or causes of PD have not been firmly established and, like most chronic diseases, are expected to be a combination of modifiable (eg, environmental exposures that increase or mitigate risk) and nonmodifiable factors (eg, genetic factors). Understanding the modifiable causes is vital to a public health policy of PD management. However, conflicting data exist for most of these factors making it difficult to formulate a public health response without further study.

Conclusion

Although much is understood about PD, much is yet a mystery. As more research uncovers the basic biology of how PD develops, this will translate into public health opportunities to prevent or improve this difficult and multi-faceted disease.

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    The authors have nothing to declare.

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