In Parkinson disease (PD), pathological processes and neurodegeneration begin long
before the cardinal motor symptoms develop and enable clinical diagnosis. In this prodromal …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a highly heterogeneous disorder, which probably consists of
multiple subtypes. Aggregation of misfolded alpha-synuclein and propagation of these …

In patients with Parkinson's disease, heterogeneous cholinergic system changes can occur
in different brain regions. These changes correlate with a range of clinical features, both …

Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) may be caused by an enteric neurotropic pathogen
entering the brain through the vagal nerve, a process that may take over 20 years. We …

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the presence of abnormal, intraneuronal α-
synuclein aggregates, which may propagate from cell-to-cell in a prion-like manner …

Objective It has been hypothesized that Lewy pathology initiates in the enteric nervous
system years prior to debut of clinical motor symptoms in Parkinson disease patients. This …

The conversion of endogenous alpha-synuclein (asyn) to pathological asyn-enriched
aggregates is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). These inclusions can be detected in …

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that α-synuclein aggregates—a defining
pathology of Parkinson's disease—display cell-to-cell transmission. α-synuclein aggregation …

The dual-hit hypothesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) originally postulated that a neurotropic
pathogen leads to formation of α-synuclein pathology in the olfactory bulb (OB) and dorsal …

Aggregation of alpha-synuclein into inclusion bodies, termed Lewy pathology, is a defining
feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In the majority of …